![]() Sheskin DJ (2004) Handbook of parametric and nonparametric statistical procedures.Parshall MB (2013) Unpacking the 2 x 2 table. ![]() ![]() MedCalc progettato per soddisfare le esigenze dei ricercatori biomedici per quanto riguarda l’analisi statistica di grandi set di dati. Pagano M, Gauvreau K (2000) Principles of biostatistics. Software statistico per la ricerca biomedica con un ricco set di funzioni, tipi di grafici e un modulo avanzato per l’esecuzione dell’analisi del grafico ROC.Kirkwood BR, Sterne JAC (2003) Essential medical statistics, 2 nd ed.Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT (2010) Statistical algorithms in Review Manager 5.Odds ratios should be avoided when events are common. Altman DG (1991) Practical statistics for medical research.A standard normal deviate ( z-value) is calculated as ln(OR)/SE, and the P-value is the area of the normal distribution that falls outside ± z (see Values of the Normal distribution table). Test of significance: the P-value is calculated according to Sheskin, 2004 (p. Where zeros cause problems with computation of the odds ratio or its standard error, 0.5 is added to all cells (a, b, c, d) (Pagano & Gauvreau, 2000 Deeks & Higgins, 2010). With the standard error of the log odds ratio being The odds ratio (OR), its standard error and 95% confidence interval are calculated according to Altman, 1991.
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